Transnational criminal networks operate through complex, agile modus operandi, holding significant power and influence through their networks. They are sophisticated in the way they work, enabled by access to substantial funds and their ability to leverage technology advances. They are often involved in multiple forms of criminal activity – from illegal trade, to movement of drugs, money laundering and arms smuggling.
Humanitarian disasters, conflict, political instability, and economic inequality continue to drive vulnerable populations to seek better economic opportunities and stability. In developed regions, a crowded jobs market is changing the demographics for those at risk, with a younger, computer-literate population vulnerable to online scams, catfishing and false adverts.
Acknowledging the increasing challenges for those working to tackle criminal networks and to support and rehabilitate victims, the Bali Process’ role in strengthening cooperation and dialogue across Members and Observers is more important than ever.
Countering Trafficking in Persons
The Asia-Pacific region has witnessed an alarming expansion in the incidence and scope of trafficking in persons and modern slavery following the Covid-19 pandemic. Women and children continue to be trafficked globally for sexual exploitation, while significant numbers of men and women are trafficked for forced labour and other forms of exploitation. Forced marriage also remains a pressing concern in this region.
The surge in social media use and increased time spent online during the pandemic triggered a dramatic rise in technology-facilitated trafficking in persons, with digital platforms now widely used to recruit, groom, and exploit victims. Trafficking in persons is both a regional and global challenge, with victims identified not only across the Asia-Pacific, but also in the Middle East, Europe, and the Americas.
Emerging technologies add another layer of complexity. Generative AI, for instance, could be misused by criminal groups to enhance recruitment, create synthetic identities, and scale up deceptive interactions. While research is still developing, the risks highlight the urgent need for stronger policy responses and technological safeguards to prevent traffickers from exploiting these tools.
Regional Strategic Roadmap
The Regional Strategic Roadmap toolkit enables Bali Process members to evaluate existing national policies and identify gaps in current counter-trafficking in persons programs in a self-directed manner. The toolkit has been designed to assist policy makers and practitioners navigate through four distinct categories: planning, principles, policy and practices.
